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【最新】2019年美国签证、移民改革出台，哪些变化？谁会受影响？US. immigration reform in 2019

文章出处：加乐美出国 加乐美出国发表时间：2019-01-17 13:56:07

现在许多家庭都是为了子女的教育选择移民，而美国作为世界的强国、世界教育水平最高的国家深受广大的家庭青睐。

Nowadays, many families choose immigrants for the education of their children, and the United States, as a powerful country in the world and the highest level of education in the world, is favored by the vast number of families.

但是，也不得不说美国的移民政策也是最能变化的国家，各种大小变化层出不穷，这不，最近USCIS美国移民局、DHS国土安全等强强联手，公布了《2019年美国移民改革重点规划》，主要变化包括：

However, it is also important to say that the United States immigration policy is also the most varied country, a variety of changes in size, this is not the recent USCIS Immigration Department, DHS Homeland Security and other strong joint, published the "2019 U.S. Immigration reform key Plan", the main changes include:

1.改变H1B抽签规则 Change the H1B draw rules

2.限制F1停留时间 Limit F1 Stay time

3.取消H4工作机会 Cancel H4 Job Offer

4.指定EB-5投资区域 Specify EB-5 Investment Area

5.加快绿卡处理时间

Accelerate Green Card processing time

6.明确划分B1、B2签证的区别

Clearly dividing the differences between B1 and B2 visas

此次关于移民政策的重大改革，条条皆是直戳想要移民或者正在办理移民美国申请者的心，所涉及的范围广泛，包括移民和非移民签证，波及每一个华人、及华人家庭！现在对以上政策的变化一一解说：

This major reform of immigration policy is all about a direct poke at the heart of immigrants who want to emigrate or are working on immigration to the United States, covering a wide range of immigrants and non-immigrant visas, affecting every Chinese and Chinese family! Now the change of the above policy one by one explanation:

改变H1B抽签规则

Change the H1B draw rules

提高门槛的主要推动因素在于一直被高喊的口号：把工作机会还给美国人。该政策预计将于明年年中生效，但是带来的影响却是极其深远的。具体内容包括：

The main driver of raising the bar is the slogan that has been chanted: give jobs back to the Americans. The policy is expected to take effect in the middle of next year, but the impact is extremely profound. Specific elements include:

1.修改专业职业的定义，严格限制此签证的发放，确保将工作签证发放给最聪明、最优秀的的外国人，改革深度不可谓不强

Modify the definition of professional profession, strictly restrict the issuance of this visa, to ensure that work visas are issued to the brightest and best foreigners, the depth of reform is not strong

2.改变H1B抽签规则。首先将所有申请人纳入6万5千个常规名额进行抽签，如果达到上限，再从剩下的硕士及以上学位申请人中抽取2万个名额，这样会使得硕士及以上学历的H1B中签率提高15%

Change the H1B draw rules. First, all applicants will be included in 65,000 regular places for the drawing of lots, and if the ceiling is reached, 20,000 places will be drawn from the remaining applicants for the master's degree and above, thus increasing the H1B signing rate of the master's degree or above by 15%.

要求雇主向H1B持有者支付合理的工资。

另外，美国移民局计划修改非移民工作签证H1B的相关规定（包括取消H1B配偶工作许可），目前已开始征求公众意见。

The employer is required to pay a reasonable salary to the H1B holder. In addition, USCIS plans to amend the rules for non-immigrant work visas H1B (including the removal of H1B spouse work permits) and has now begun to seek public comment.

受影响人群：H1B工作签证持有者、正在申请H1B的人

Affected population: H1B work visa holder, person who is applying for H1B

预计生效时间：2019年8月 August 2019

取消H4合法工作资格

Disqualification H4 Legal work

2015年时，移民局发布通告称，当持有H1B工作签证的人满足一定条件时，他/她的配偶(持H4签证)，可以在美国合法工作并获得EAD卡。虽然通过工作签证留在美国也是一条非常辛苦的途径，但是好在，当夫妻两人其中一人抽中H1B，并且在提交绿卡申请或者H1B被批准延期的情况下，另一个持有H4签证的配偶也可以合法工作。

In 2015, the Migration Board issued a circular stating that when a person holding a H1B work visa satisfies certain conditions, his/her spouse (holding a H4 visa) can legally work in the United States and obtain a EAD card. While staying in the United States through a work visa is also a very hard way to do so, the good thing is that when one or both couples smoke h1b, another spouse with a H4 visa can also work legally if they submit a green card application or if H1B is approved for extension.

但自从川普上台后，这一福利就一直面临着被砍的风险，2017年秋季章程中就已经提及要取消H4的合法工作资格，但迟迟没有执行。而这一次秋季章程中再一次被提及，极有可能在近期执行

But since Trump came to power, the benefit has been at risk of being slashed, and the 2017 fall Charter has already mentioned the need to disqualify H4 from legal work, but has been slow to implement it. And this autumn charter is mentioned again, it is highly likely to be implemented in the near future. The report notes that H4 's legal work has greatly affected American job opportunities. But as of fiscal year 2017, there were as many as 4,000 H4 ead holders from mainland China, and 90% of them were women. There are also many Chinese families, in this way, to improve the probability of legal stay and legal work. H4 EAD Cancellation will leave many families facing the loss of one side of the income, and even under economic pressure to separate the two sides.

报告指出，H4的合法工作极大地影响了美国人的工作机会。但是截止至2017财政年，来自中国大陆的H4 EAD持有人有多达4千余名，并且其中90%女性。还有不少华人家庭，通过这种方式，来提高合法留美并合法工作的几率。H4 EAD取消将让很多家庭面临失去一方的收入，甚至迫于经济压力分隔两岸。

The report notes that H4 's legal work has greatly affected American job opportunities. But as of fiscal year 2017, there were as many as 4,000 H4 ead holders from mainland China, and 90% of them were women. There are also many Chinese families, in this way, to improve the probability of legal stay and legal work. H4 EAD Cancellation will leave many families facing the loss of one side of the income, or even under economic pressure to separate the two sides.

受影响人群：H1B工作签证持有者及其配偶

Affected persons: H1B work visa holders and their spouses

预计生效时间：2018年11月 Expected effective Time: November 2018

限制F1停留时间

Limit F1 Stay time

美国海关ICE计划在2019财年出台新的规定：给包括F1学生签证在内的这些非移民签证，设立一个在美国的最长停留时间。时间截止前，可以申请延期，但必须要给出充足的理由以及比较具体的延长时间，否则会影响他们合法留美。ICE说，这个改变将可以提供更明确的停留期限，以避免因误解而造成逾期停留的问题。

U.S. Customs ice plans to introduce new rules in fiscal 2019: Give these non-immigrant visas, including F1 student visas, a maximum stay in the United States. Before the deadline, you can apply for an extension, but you must give a good reason and a more specific extension of time, otherwise it will affect their legal stay in the United States. Ice said the change would provide a clearer duration of stay to avoid the problem of overstaying due to misunderstanding.

目前总共可以停留在美国的时间为：在美国维持全职学生的时间+被容许留在美国实习（OPT）的时间+以及必须离开美国前的60天。

The total time available for stays in the United States is: the time to maintain a full-time student in the United States + the time allowed to stay in the United States for Internship (OPT) + and the 60 days before it had to leave the United States.

明年开始这一做法将取消，目前不清楚ICE可能设定的停留期限有多长，但是可以肯定的是留学生未来进入美国就读后，如果需要转换学校、申请OPT、继续就读其它科系或求取更高的学位等，都必须提出延长停留在美国期限的申请。程序会麻烦很多，但是有助于降低非法居留的概率。

Starting next year, the practice will be eliminated, it is not clear how long ice may set a stay, but it is certain that when international students enter the United States in the future, if they need to switch schools, apply for OPT, continue to attend other departments or obtain a higher degree, etc., must make an extension of the stay in the United States application. The program can be a lot of trouble, but it helps reduce the probability of illegal residence.

受影响人群：F类学生签证、B类旅游签证、H1B、H4、J1、J2、M1、E1、E2、I类等所有非移民签证

Affected populations: Category F student visas, Class B tourist visas, H1B, H4, J1, J2, M1, E1, E2, Class I and all non-immigrant visas

预计生效时间：2019年8月 Expected effective Time: August 2019

明确划分B1、B2签证的区别

Clearly dividing the differences between B1 and B2 visas

B1/B2商务旅游签证，主要面向短期商务旅行(B1)/旅游观光（B2）/寻求医疗服务(B2)的申请人。但长期以来，B1和B2签证的划分界限十分模糊，往往合二为一。新规要求区分B1签证和B2申请入境美国的标准，标准更加透明便于海关在出入境检查时更公平的裁决和执行。对申请人在访美目的上更加明确。

B1/B2 Business Travel visa, mainly for short-term business travel (B1)/sightseeing (B2)/Seeking Medical services (B2) applicants. But for a long time, the dividing boundaries between B1 and B2 visas are vague and often combined. The new rules require a distinction between B1 visas and B2 standards for entry into the United States, with more transparent standards that allow customs to adjudicate and enforce more fairly during immigration checks. More clarity on the applicant's purpose in visiting the United States

受影响人群：B1商业临时访客、B2旅游签证

Affected population: B1 Commercial temporary visitor, B2 tourist visa

预计生效时间：2019年9月 Expected effective Time: September 2019

EB5投资或指定区域

EB5 invesment or the area

美国国土安全部将重新定义“创造就业”的标准，并可能会在将来指定投资的区域中心以及运营条件。国土安全部会加强对于投资计划的管理和检查，并且鼓励将投资更多地放置到美国农村地区中去。

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security will redefine the "job creation" standard and may designate regional centers and operating conditions for investment in the future. The Department of Homeland Security will strengthen the management and inspection of investment plans and encourage greater investment in rural areas of the United States.

受影响人群：EB5投资人

Affected population: EB5 investor

预计生效时间：2019年9月

Expected effective Time: September 2019

加速绿卡处理时间

Accelerate Green Card processing time

相关机构励志要提高永久居住登记申请或调整状态(I-485)的处理效率，减少签证倒退的可能性，去除积累的库存，并且阻止签证欺诈。另外，建议取消优先类别移民签证的申请人同时提交签证申请和I-485表格。

The relevant agencies are motivated to improve the processing efficiency of the permanent residence registration application or adjustment status (I-485), reduce the possibility of visa regression, remove accumulated inventory, and prevent visa fraud. In addition, applicants for priority category immigrant visas are recommended to submit visa applications and I-485 forms at the same time.

受影响人群：绿卡申请者

Affected population: Green Card Applicant

预计生效时间：2019年9月

Expected effective Time: September 2019

除了关于各类移民或者非移民签证变化之外，其他相关配套信息的变动也绝对不容忽视。比如：

In addition to changes in various types of immigration or non-immigrant visas, changes in other relevant supporting information must not be overlooked. Such as:

1.出入境使用人脸识别，准确追踪所有外国人出入境记录

Entry and exit use of face recognition, accurate tracking of all alien entry and exit records

2.修改签证费、护照申请费

Revision of visa fees, passport application fees

3.审查某些学校官员资格

Review of the qualifications of certain school officials

4.外国医护人员的英语能力要求

English proficiency requirements for foreign health care workers

出入境使用人脸识别

Entry and exit use face recognition

国土安全局要求实施自动化进出数据系统：例如人脸识别技术。对进出美国的所有外国人和公民的数据以及生物识别，以避免外国恐怖分子进入美国。并且，为了能够更加准确和高效，国土安全局正在修改规定，要求所有外国人在出入境时拍照。海关还提议，将美国公民的生物识别收集进一步扩大，关于美国公民的这项提议将会在2019年2月公布。

Homeland Security requires automated access to data systems: Face recognition technology, for example. Data on all foreigners and citizens entering and leaving the United States, as well as biometrics, to avoid foreign terrorists entering the United States. And, in order to be more accurate and efficient, homeland security is revising the rules to require all foreigners to take photos at the time of entry and exit. The customs also proposed a further expansion of biometric collection by U.S. citizens, and the proposal for U.S. citizens will be published in February 2019.

受影响人群：所有人 Affected populations:Everyone

预计生效时间：2018年12月

Expected effective Time: December 2018

修改签证费、护照申请费

Revision of visa fees, passport application fees

美国国务院表示将修改某些非移民签证、移民签证、特殊签证和某些公民服务的服务费用，并且将会修改护照申请的费用。

The State Department said it would change the cost of services for certain non-immigrant visas, immigrant visas, special visas and certain civic services, and would change the cost of passport applications.

受影响人群：所有人 Affected populations:Everyone

生效时间：2018年12月 December 2018

审查某些学校官员资格

Review of the qualifications of certain school officials

对于接受F类、M类以及交流访问学者的学校，国土安全局会指定一些学校官员访问学生数据的权利，在此之前，会加强对他们的审查，以避免潜在的欺诈犯罪活动或泄露国家机密信息。这是章程中的一条新规则，归根到底来说，是加强对美国学校某些官员的审查，对于学生的影响并不非常大。

For schools that accept Class F, Class M, and exchange visiting scholars, Homeland Security designates the right of some school officials to access student data, pending a stronger review of them to avoid potential fraudulent criminal activity or disclosure of state confidential information. This is a new rule in the Charter, which, in the final analysis, is to strengthen the scrutiny of certain officials in American schools, and the impact on students is not very great. Affected populations: Class F, Class M and exchange visiting scholars

受影响人群：F类、M类以及交流访问学者

Affected populations: Class F, Class M and exchange visiting scholars

最后生效时间：2019年3月 March 2019

加强对实践培训学校的监督

Strengthening supervision of hands-on training schools

这一行动最主要的目的是加强对于实践培训以及学校机构的监督，防止滥用资源以及可能存在的欺诈行为。而最深层的目的是加强对于美国工人的保护，他们认为，F类和M类学生的就业实习培训可能会对美国工人产生负面影响。

The main purpose of this action is to strengthen oversight of practical training and school institutions to prevent the misuse of resources and possible fraud. And the deepest aim is to strengthen the protection of American workers, who believe that employment internship training for Class F and Class M students could have a negative impact on American workers.

受影响人群：F类、M类学生

Affected populations: Class F, Class M students

生效时间：长期行动 Long-Term Action

外国医护人员的英语能力要求

English proficiency requirements for foreign health care workers

国土安全局支出，要为国外医护人员制定英语语言标准，并要制定考试标准和最低分数线，以便能够更好地与患者家属进行交流。

Homeland Security spending, to develop English language standards for foreign health care workers, and to set test standards and minimum scores, in order to be able to better communicate with the families of patients.

受影响人群：想要进入美国工作的外国医护人员

Affected people: foreign paramedics who want to work in the United States

生效时间：已进入最后决议流程

Effective time: Has entered the final resolution process

尽管美国出台了一系列限制移民的政策，但依然阻挡不住中国人移民美国的热情。根据美国国土安全部的数据显示，2017年，共有37674名中国人获得了美国国籍，比去年增加了足足2000名。

Although the United States has introduced a series of policies to restrict immigration, it still cannot stop the enthusiasm of the Chinese to emigrate to the United States. In 2017, a total of 37,674 Chinese acquired American citizenship, an increase of 2000 over last year, according to the Department of Homeland Security.

根据《2018全球移民白皮书》的数据显示，美国是中国移民首选目的地，其次是加拿大、韩国、日本、澳大利亚。1,100万移居海外的中国人中，22%在美国。1980年后来美的中国移民人口翻了六番还多。

According to the 2018 White Paper on global migration, the United States is the preferred destination for Chinese immigrants, followed by Canada, South Korea, Japan and Australia. Of the 11 million Chinese emigrants, 22% are in the United States. More than 1980 years later, the Chinese immigrant population of the United States has quadrupled by more than six.

这些数据都说明，美国，依旧是中国人最向往的移民国家。

These data show that the United States, is still the Chinese people most yearning for the country of immigration.

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